Objective: Broadcasting rights are one of the main sources of income for the Football Industry in the world. The aim of this study is investigation of the broadcasting rights in the Iranian Football Industry. Methodology: This study has a qualitative approach and the grounded theory was used as a research method. For gathering data high level documents were studied and 31 experts who were aware of this subject were interviewed. The validity of this research was examined and approved by the interviewers and then expert professors. The reliability of it is %76 which was obtained by using the methodology of the auditing result process. For data analysis the continuous comparison method in three stages was used: open, axial and selective coding. Results: Data analysis shows that the Environmental factors, Economic, political and cultural factors, Structural factors of Football, Effective managerial factors(government), Behavioral and semantic factors, statutory and legal factors and the codification and Establishment broadcasting rights pattern are seven effective factors in the sale of broadcasting rights. Conclusion: Studies show that the continued refusal of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcaster (IRIB) to pay the television broadcasting fees will make the financial of Football Industry bankrupt. Also establishing the private television networks and the formation of bargaining committee with the government, parliament and the IRIB organization for sustained financial development of country Football Industry seems necessary.

Purpose: The future of the construction Industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction Industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction Industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction Industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction Industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

The aim of this study was to analyze those factors affecting sustainable performance of Iran Football Industry. Considering the exploratory nature of the research, qualitative research method was used to identify the most important factors related to the research topic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 experts. Using grounded theory, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical sampling method and snowball sampling. The results identified 53 barriers in 7 sectors which affected sustainable performance of the Iran Football Industry: sport and technology, infrastructure and equipment, revenue and business, media broadcasting and fan support, legal and regulatory, policy making and organizational, managerial and human resources. In order to have a sustainable performance in sport and income and business sectors, special attention should be paid to eliminate the above barriers. In addition, the findings showed that a series of actions should be taken by internal and external factors such as managers active in the institutions of Iran Football Industry and the Ministry of Sport and Youth and Islamic Consultative Assembly and other relevant institutions in order to overcome these obstacles.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify innovation potentials in Football refereeing. Because of the technological changes and innovations that have been created in the Football Industry, it seemed important and essential to do this study.Methodology: This study was an applied one; quantitative in its purpose and qualitative in its method. The statistical population were national and international referees, assistant referees, and referee assessors. The method of sampling was purposive and judgmental. The statistical samples were elite Football referees.Results: The results of this study indicated that elite referees, assistant referees and assessors agreed with the use of new technological innovations in the game.It demonstrated that using new technologies affected directly and indirectly on the referees’ performance, too.Conclusion: The use of these technologies will affect the referee performance directly and indirectly.

Objective: The aim of present study is to determine strategies and consequences of administrative integrity in Football Industry of Iran. Methodology: The study is an exploration research and is considered as qualitative conducted sequentially. The data gathered through documents and interview for 17 scholars-one of them interviewed twice-about Football in deep-interview and semi-structured forms. The sample selected through subjective sampling and snowball approach and interviewing continued to get theoretical saturation. Then, data analyzed by grounded theory in coding process included three steps: open, axial and selective coding. Results: The result revealed that there were 54 effective factors in strategies consisted of 11 components: specialized and public instruction, compile improvement principals, supervise, control and evaluate, judicial decisions for offending, management and personal principals, formulate structures, reduce monopolization, coordinative decision and program-orientation in five main entries. Also, consequences categorized into two subcategories of Football and main category of Football development and improvement in social aspect. Conclusion: Generally, according to findings, proposed strategies and consequences could be claimed that help government officials to improve administrative integrity and counter to corruption and get development and improvement in Football Industry.

The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze revenue generating methods of Iran premier league Football clubs and the world top Football clubs. The method was qualitative and the needed data were obtained from the library studies and interviews with experts. The statistical population consisted of all people who worked in sport marketing in Football Federation, Football premier league clubs and Iran universities. Sampling was theoretically conducted and interviews continued until saturation. Totally, 43 methods were identified for revenue generating in Football clubs and were categorized to 3 main parts: media broadcasting revenue, commercial revenue and match day revenue. The investigations showed that the amount and variety of revenue generating in Iran Football premier league Football clubs were so much restricted than top Football clubs in the world.

The Football Industry in Iraq faces significant challenges that hinder its growth and development, including managerial inefficiencies, financial constraints, and socio-political instability. Despite the global popularity of Football and its potential to drive economic and social progress, the Iraqi Football Industry has struggled to achieve sustainable success. This research aims to develop a paradigmatic framework tailored to the unique conditions of the Iraqi Football Industry to enhance its performance and sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology grounded in the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, this study explores the perspectives of 23 experts in sports management, economics, and organizational behavior. The findings reveal critical areas where improvements are needed, including the development of professional Football management, the enhancement of education and training systems, and the strengthening of club structures. The research identifies six core categories—causal conditions, central phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, strategies/actions, and results—that collectively inform the proposed framework. These categories address issues such as weak sports infrastructure, lack of strategic planning, and the impact of international sanctions on the Football Industry in Iraq. The study concludes by presenting a comprehensive model for improving the performance of Iraqi Football clubs, emphasizing the importance of good governance, strategic investment in infrastructure, and fostering international collaborations. The proposed framework provides actionable insights that can guide policymakers and stakeholders in revitalizing the Iraqi Football Industry, ensuring its long-term growth and success. This research not only fills a significant gap in the literature but also offers practical solutions to the challenges facing Football clubs in developing regions.

The presents study goal is to exploring the contextual and intervening factors of corruption in Football Industry of Iran. The study was qualitative and grounded theory. The data gathered by depth and semi-structured interview. The population included Football experts and scholars, club managers of premier league and managers in ministry of sports and Football federation. The samples selected through purposeful and snowball sampling, and interviewing continued to get theoretical saturation-18 interview-. The findings consisted of 25 subsidiary components: international, internal, and public principals, mutual profit, financial corruption, vested interests, lack of finding skill process, lack of commitment, illegal profit, lack of support, management method, lack of notification, lack of law, lack of control and evaluation, lack of appropriate control, nonalignment, unknowing, lack of moralities, injustice, financial deficits, lack of appropriate management, law barriers, lack of instruction and legal barriers classified into seven general concepts. Also, intervening factors in seven subsidiary components consisted of: intervening of internal responsibilities, lack of personal corrupof organizational corruption sentiment, inconsistency in organizations, and inter-and insufficient principals classified into three general concepts. Generally, identifying the factors can help managers to improve official health and attempt to remove corruption in Football Industry of Iran. of moralities, injustice, financial deficits, lack of appropriate management, law barriers, lack of instruction and legal barriers cla of moralities, injustice, financial deficits, lack of appropriate management, law barriers, lack of instruction and legal barriers cla